IP Addressing

IP Address : What is IP Address?

When a device comes in the network, it needs IP (Internet Protocol) address to communicate with the other networking devices. 32 bit & 128 Bit logical address is used to create the network. An IP address is used to communicate with different networking devices. IP is a unique address. It is a number assigned to any device operating on an IP network. For example: Computer, Router, and Internet Fax Machines. The main purpose of using IP is that it gives a unique identification on network.

For Example:

IP address 11000000.10000000.00000011.00010000 but we denote it Decimal No. system we assign IP to the network card instead computer (improve).

It used IP address range from 0 to 255.

  

What are the Categories of IP address?

There are two Categories of IP addresses we use:-

1. Dynamic IP (Internet Protocol)

2. Static IP (Internet Protocol)

Dynamic IP is assigned to the computer in temporary manner to connect with the network. The most common protocol assigned to the dynamic IP in the network system is DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol). This Protocol assigns IP address on Leased time.

Static IP is assigned manually to system to connect through the networking devices. In this IP addressing protocol, there is no need of leased time. These IP address are semi-permanent IP addresses which remain allocated to a specific device for longer time.

What are the classes of IP Address?

There are many classes in IP address:-

In every class there is a range defined for Public & Private addressing. Public IP are those IP address which is used at global level & Private IP are those IP address which is used in small organization or for the private sector.

1.       Class A (0-127)

It consists of 8 bit network ID and 24-bit Host ID. In this class, we use 2^24 -2 No. of Host (IP) address available to assign to the devices except two IP address reserved in each Network. In every Network two IP address is used for Network & Broadcast Address. Class A provides 16,777,216 host address.
In this class, first octet defines the network & rest three octets define the Host.

10.0.0.0-10.255.255.255(Private IP)

 Rest Network IP is Public

Ex: - 10.0.0.1... Etc.

2.       Class B (128-191)

It consist of 16-bit network ID and 16-bit Host ID. In this class, we use 2^16-2 number of host (IP) addresses available to assign to the devices. In this class, 16,384 network blocks are created where two of the IP is used for network & broadcast. Here, we use first two octets for Network & rest octets are used for Host.

16-31.0.0.0 -16-31.255.255.255 (used for private IP)

 Ex: 128.16.0.1

3.    Class C (192-223)

It consists of 24-bit for network ID and 8-bit for Host ID. In this class, we use 2^8-2 number of host (IP) addresses available to assign to the devices. In this, 2,097,152 network block.
192.168.0.0-192.168.255.0 (used for Private IP addressing)

4.   Class D(224-239)

Class D IP addressing is used for multi-casting.Each address in this class defines a particular group of hosts over the internet.In Class D IP addressing consists of only one block of address.The first byte of class D specifies decimal values from 224 to239.

5.   Class E(240-255)

Class E IP is used for special purpose.Class E IP address consist of first bit value 1 in first byte second bit value 1 in second byte,third bit value 1 in third byte and fourth bit value 1 in fourth byte. Class E IP range have been spotted between 240 to 255.

 

What is Uni-cast addresses? 

Uni-cast communication between one-to-one.When a packet is sent to the destination address to the single host is called as Uni-cast.Every host which  present on the internet has at least one unique IP address.These address belong to Class-A, Class-B,Class-C .

For example :-192.16.202.21

What is Multi cast Addresses?

The word multicast means "One to many". Whenever we were talking about multicast address means that one to many communication take place. Multicast belong to class to class D address.In Multicast a group has been defined. For example :- If a system has 4 multicast IP address then it belong to 4 different groups.

Multicasting on internet is of two types :-

1.Local level

At local level,hosts on LAN can form a group and can be assigned a multicast address

2.Global level

Hosts on different networks can form a group and can be assigned a multicast address.

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